Vacuum to Control

• Ensure that measurement progress would flow smoothly without much error

• Vacuum pump is used to decrease pressure

• Decreases the possibility of freezing

• When the chamber is cooled to cryogenic levels, the moisture in the chamber can freeze and produce ice over the sample

• With a vacuum, the moisture is removed, preventing freezing

• Prevents breaking or cracking of the sample

• If the sample is cooled to rapidly, one end of the sample would be cold while the other is relatively warm, causing one end to contract over the other. This would cause the sample to bend and snap

• With a vacuum, there would be less gas particles, decreasing the convection and ensuring a slow temperature change

• Helium gas is used as an exchange gas to provide heat exchange from the outside to the inside, ensuring that the chamber will cool down

• Helium has a low freezing point, so it can work with cryogenic temperatures.

Future Outlook

• Conduct measurements while being customizable

• Can be adjusted to measure specific characteristics

• Opens up possibilities to conduct further measurements while still being customizable

• Future compositions of materials can be analyzed upon and specific characteristics can be measured

With the results received from the tests, it is found that the cryostat device is accurate and relatively precise due to the same relationship found with semi-conductors. In the future, this device and methodology can be used to measure future materials and its various properties under different conditions, and all that is required is to change the sample. In the future, this could be used to discover new composite's properties.